The Hierarchical Structure in Sumo

Sumo wrestling is not just a sport; it is a deeply ingrained part of Japanese culture and tradition. At the heart of sumo lies a strict hierarchical structure that governs the lives and careers of the wrestlers (rikishi). Understanding this hierarchy is crucial for appreciating the dynamics of sumo and the relationships between its participants.

1. The Ranking System: Banzuke

The sumo ranking system is known as the Banzuke. This list is published every two months before the start of a tournament (basho) and outlines the rankings of all active rikishi. The rankings are based on performance in the previous tournaments and are divided into several divisions:

- Makuuchi: The top division, featuring the highest-ranked wrestlers. - Juryo: The second division, where wrestlers are striving to reach the elite Makuuchi division. - Makushita: The third division, containing wrestlers who are still climbing the ranks. - Sandanme, Jonidan, Jonokuchi: Lower divisions for less experienced wrestlers.

Example of the Banzuke

Consider the following excerpt from a Banzuke: ` Makuuchi Division: 1. Yokozuna 2. Ozeki 3. Sekiwake 4. Komusubi 5. Maegashira 1 ... `

In this example, the Yokozuna is the highest rank, followed by Ozeki, and then the Sekiwake and Komusubi. Each rank comes with specific expectations and responsibilities.

2. Ranks and Titles Explained

Yokozuna

The Yokozuna is the highest rank in sumo, symbolizing not only exceptional skill but also the ability to uphold the traditions and dignity of the sport. A wrestler can only be promoted to Yokozuna after winning two consecutive tournaments at the Ozeki rank.

Ozeki

The Ozeki rank is the second-highest and is often referred to as a champion. Ozeki must maintain a winning record in tournaments to avoid demotion.

Sekiwake and Komusubi

The Sekiwake and Komusubi ranks serve as the third and fourth highest ranks, respectively. They are often considered the