Basic Rules and Regulations of Sumo Wrestling
Sumo wrestling, a traditional Japanese sport, is steeped in history and culture. Understanding the basic rules and regulations is essential for anyone looking to appreciate or engage in this ancient art. This section will outline the core principles governing sumo matches, the roles of officials, and the conduct expected from wrestlers.
1. The Objective of Sumo
The primary goal in a sumo match is to force your opponent out of the circular ring (dohyo) or to make any part of their body other than the soles of their feet touch the ground.
Example:
- If a wrestler pushes their opponent out of the ring, they win the match.
- If a wrestler trips and falls, they lose the match.
2. The Ring (Dohyo)
The dohyo is a circular area made of clay and covered with a layer of sand. It has a diameter of about 4.55 meters (15 feet) and is raised about 20 cm (8 inches) above the ground.
Key Features:
- The center of the ring has a sacred rope (tawara) that marks the boundaries.
- The ring is often purified before matches using salt, a practice rooted in Shinto beliefs.
3. Match Procedures
Before a match begins, several rituals are performed:
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Shiko: Wrestlers stomp their feet to drive away evil spirits.
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Chiri: Wrestlers throw salt into the ring to purify it.
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Tachiai: Wrestlers face each other and, on a signal, charge at one another.
Example of a Match:
1.
Entering the Dohyo: Wrestlers enter the ring and perform the rituals.
2.
Tachiai: Upon the gyoji's (referee's) signal, the match starts.
3.
Winning: The match ends when one wrestler is declared the winner.
4. Winning and Losing
A match can be won in several ways:
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Out of the Ring: If a wrestler steps outside the boundary.
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Touching the Ground: If any part of the body other than the feet touches the ground.
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Disqualification: If a wrestler breaks a rule, they may be disqualified.
5. Basic Rules for Wrestlers
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No Hair Pulling: Wrestlers must not grab or pull the hair.
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No Eye Gouging: Wrestlers are prohibited from attacking the eyes.
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No Illegal Holds: Certain holds are not allowed, such as those that can cause injury.
Practical Example:
In a match, if a wrestler attempts to pull their opponent's hair in order to gain an advantage, this act is against the rules and can result in penalties.
6. The Role of Officials
Sumo matches are overseen by several officials:
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Gyoji (Referee): The main official who calls the match and makes decisions on wins and losses.
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Shimpan (Judges): Assist the gyoji by observing the match from different angles to ensure fairness.
Conclusion
Understanding the basic rules and regulations of sumo wrestling is essential for participants and spectators alike. These rules not only govern the matches but also reflect the traditions and values of this ancient sport. As you continue in this course, you will learn more about strategies and techniques that wrestlers use within these rules.